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Environmental Dependence of Polarization Rotation in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
V33-33.47 · F 证据节 / 显影节 ·
33.47 turns GRB afterglow polarization into a retainable environment-stratification audit: after an absolute position-angle zero point, D-term / leakage corrections, field-star interstellar-polarization subtraction, radio-to-millimeter rotation-measure synthesis, and de-rotation to λ → 0, the residual χ0(t) rotation or χ_plateau must align in direction across optical, near-infrared, and radio or millimeter bands, remain insensitive to band edges and sub-band permutations, co-occur at effectively zero lag in the same observing window, preserve stable cross-band polarization-fraction ratios while absolute angles rotate together, and strengthen monotonically or by threshold across J_env while surviving jet-geometry controls; under V08-compatible retain, this stays one GRB afterglow environment-direction ledger rather than a GRB-engine or cosmic-web ontology verdict.
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Keywords: gamma-ray burst afterglow, χ0(t), Δχ, χ_plateau, dχ/d(log t), rotation-measure synthesis, D-terms, J_env, A_V, N_H, κ/γ, zero-lag co-occurrence
Section knowledge units
thesis
33.47 begins by separating a popular narrative from an admissible court object. Afterglow polarization can rotate because jet geometry, magnetic structure, and viewing conditions change, so raw angle swings do not count by themselves. The chapter narrows the issue to one harder question: after Faraday de-rotation and dust / interstellar-polarization control, does one de-rotated χ0(t) rotation or plateau remain that is cross-band, nearly non-dispersive, same-window, and environment-stratified? Under compat adjudication this is retain, but only as a GRB afterglow environment-direction ledger.
mechanism
The measurement court is multi-axis. It extracts Δχ, dχ/d(log t), and χ_plateau on a shared time base; demands direction agreement between de-rotated χ0(t) and optical / near-infrared angle series; grades zero-lag same-window co-occurrence across bands and facilities; registers monotonic, plateau-like, or threshold-like behavior against J_env; and requires cross-band polarization-fraction ratios to stay stable while the absolute angles rotate together. Structured-jet and microphysics fits are then used as explicit orthogonality tests rather than as excuses for retrospective storytelling.
mechanism
Execution is early-window and calibration-heavy. The chapter prioritizes the first minutes to hours after trigger and requires at least one same-window optical or near-infrared polarization point paired with radio or millimeter data capable of rotation-measure synthesis. Absolute position-angle zero points, leakage solutions, interstellar-polarization subtraction rules, shared bandpass and time kernels, and de-rotation parameter families are frozen before unblinding. Two pipelines and at least two facilities must reprocess the same event or stacked bin, while environment-only prediction cards, blinded measurement summaries, and holdout events control the arbitration step.
evidence
False environmental dependence must collapse under destructive tests. Residual λ² structure after de-rotation sends the case back to medium terms immediately. Band-edge holdouts and sub-band permutations must weaken false common modes; dust and field-star interstellar-polarization templates are permuted; observing-window labels are shuffled and time series are reversed; and jet-geometry priors are varied inside fixed J_env bins. If the same trend survives these nulls with little degradation, the chapter treats it as method bias, medium leakage, dust contamination, or jet degeneracy rather than as an admissible common term.
boundary
The pass line requires a multi-event sample with at least three bands including optical or near-infrared plus de-rotated radio or millimeter polarization, same-window zero-lag co-occurrence, at least two independent pipelines, at least two facility classes, and holdout replication. Δχ, dχ/d(log t), or χ_plateau must strengthen with J_env while surviving controls for redshift, brightness, sampling, and jet-geometry degeneracy. The named ledgers that get first refusal are incomplete Faraday de-rotation, chromatic pseudo-rotation from dust or scattering, and drift in the absolute position-angle zero point plus instrumental leakage.
interface
So 33.47 closes one transient polarization court and nothing broader. If de-rotated χ0(t) rotation or χ_plateau survives J_env stratification, cross-band non-dispersiveness, and holdout pressure, V33 keeps one GRB afterglow environment-direction ledger and hands a stricter same-window grammar to 33.48. But that ledger remains protocol-layer only: it does not settle GRB-engine ontology, cosmic-web ontology, or any unrestricted EFT direction-field thesis. If Faraday, dust, calibration, or jet-degeneracy ledgers absorb the effect, the chapter ends with an upper bound and a falsification.